Umthombo: I-Sina Technology Synthesis
Ukusetshenziswa kwekhamera eyodwa ukufeza ukuthwebula izithombe okufiphele akuyona into entsha, eyedluleI-iPhone XRfuthi ngaphambiliI-Google Pixel 2babe nemizamo efanayo.
I-iPhone SE entsha ye-Apple nayo iyafana, kodwa yayoikhamerai-elementi indala kakhulu, ikhredithi eyinhloko isekuyi-algorithm.
▲ Ukusuka kwesobunxele kuye kwesokudla, iikhameraizinzwa ze-iPhone SE entsha,iPhone 8futhiI-iPhone XR
Kusuka embikweni wokuhlakazwa kwe-iFixit, siyabona ukuthi ezinye izingxenye ze-iPhone SE entsha zihambisana ngokupheleleiPhone 8, ngisho nangezinga angasetshenziswa ngalo ngokushintshana-kuhlanganise ne-engeli ebanzi engu-12-megapixelikhamera .
Umkhuba 'wewayini elisha emabhodleleni amadala' awuvamile ku-iPhone SE.Emuva eminyakeni emine edlule, isizukulwane sokuqala se-iPhone SE siphinde sasebenzisa ukubukeka kwama-5s kanye nezingxenyekazi eziningi zehadiwe, ukuze i-Apple inikeze inani eliphansi.
Ngokwethiyori, lapho ukopisha ihadiwe yekhamera efanayo, iikhameraizici zazo ezimbili akufanele zihluke kakhulu.Ngokwesibonelo,iPhone 8ayikusekeli ukuthatha ukujula okuncane kwezithombe zenkundla ezinesihloko esicacile nengemuva elifiphele, okuyilokho esivame ukukubiza ngokuthi "imodi yokuma ngobude".
Kepha uma ubheka ikhasi lokusekela le-Apple, uzothola ukuthi imodi yesithombe engasekelwa yi-iPhone 8isekelwa i-iPhone SE entsha-ngisho noma imininingwane yelensi yangemuva yakho kokubili ifana ncamashi.
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, ukuthatha izithombe ezifiphele kumakhalekhukhwini kuvamise ukuthi kudinga ukwenziwa ngamakhamera amabili—njengamehlo omuntu, umakhalekhukhwini nawo udinga ukuthola izithombe ezimbili ngama-engeli ahlukene ngamalensi amabili ezindaweni ezihlukene, bese uhlanganisa ama-engeli buka Umehluko ulinganisela ukujula kwenkambu ukuze kuzuzwe ukufiphala kwengemuva nokugcina isihloko sicacile.
Uchungechunge lwe-Plus kuhlu, noma i-X, i-XS, ne-11 eminyakeni yamuva, ngokuyisisekelo incike kumasistimu wamakhamera amaningi ukuze iqedele ukuthwebula ukufiphala kwesithombe.
Pho ixazulula kanjani ikhamera engaphambili ye-iPhone?Umongo ulele kuprojektha ye-infrared dot matrix ohlelweni lwe-Face ID, engaphinda ithole idatha yokujula enembe ngokwanele, okulingana 'ne-lens eyisiza'.
Kusukela kuleli phuzu lokubuka, i-iPhone SE ingathatha izithombe zemodi ye-portrait ikhethekile kakhulu: okokuqala, ayithathi isibhamu esiningi, okwesibili, ayinayo i-Face ID, ngokuyisisekelo akukho okungenzeka kokusekelwa kwehadiwe.
Ngokusobala, i-Apple yenze izinguquko ezithile esingakwazi ukuzibona ezingeni lesofthiwe.
Muva nje, u-Ben Sandofsky, umthuthukisi wohlelo lwekhamera yomuntu wesithathu i-Halide, uveze izimiso zobuchwepheshe, echaza ukuthi kungani i-iPhone SE entsha isebenzisa ukucaciswa okufanayo kwelensi eyodwa njengeiPhone 8, kodwa ingafinyelela imodi yesithombe sokuma ngobude engakwazi ngayo .
Bathe i-iPhone SE entsha kungenzeka kube 'i-iPhone yokuqala engakhiqiza umphumela wokufiphalisa isithombe usebenzisa isithombe esisodwa se-2D'.
Ungase usho ukuthiI-iPhone XRfuthi akuyona ukufiphala kwekhamera eyodwa.Ingabe u-SE akamane nje uyikopishe?
Nokho, isimo sokudilizwa sifakazele ukuthiamakhameraye-iPhone SE kanyeI-iPhone XRaziguquguquki, okubuye kuholele ekuhlukeni ekusetshenzisweni kobuchwepheshe kokubili.
▲I-Samsung Galaxy S7series iyidivayisi yokuqala esebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-DPAF ku-smartphoneikhamera
Iphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu ukuthi iikhamerakweI-iPhone XRingasebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-pixel autofocus (DPAF), obuvumela ukuthi ithole idatha ethile yokujula ngokusekelwe kuhadiwe.
Ngamagama alula, ubuchwepheshe be-DPAF bulingana nokuhlukanisa i-pixel ku-ikhamerainzwa ibe amaphikseli amabili amancanyana ehlangothini ngalinye ukuze uthwebule izithombe ezimbili ezinama-engeli ahlukene, njengamehlo ethu akwesokunxele nakwesokudla.
Nakuba umehluko we-engeli okhiqizwa yilokhu ungabonakali njengowokubiliikhamera, isahambisana ne-algorithm ukukhiqiza idatha ejulile.
▲I-Google Pixel 2, 3Amamephu amabili okungafani atholwe kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe be-DPAF anzima ukuwabona
bona, kodwa usengasiza i-algorithm yokuhlukaniswa kwesithombe ukwenza izahlulelo
Ngaphambilini,Googlefuthi wasebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe kuI-Pixel 2, 3ukuze uthole ukufiphala kwesibhamu esisodwa.UseI-Pixel4, ngenxa yokuthi ikhamera ithathelwa indawo ukucaciswa kwekhamera eningi, ukutholwa kwe-parallax kunembe kakhulu kunekhamera eyodwa.
▲ Ake sibheke idatha etholwe i-Pixel 4 isebenzisa amakhamera amabili.
Ngokuqondene ne-iPhone SE entsha, ngenxa yokuthi izinzwa zayo zindala kakhulu, i-Halide ithi ayikwazi ukuthembela kuzinzwa ukuze zithole amamephu wokungafani, futhi ngokuyisisekelo ingathembela kuphela ku-algorithm yokufunda yomshini enikezwe i-chip ye-A13 Bionic ukuze ilingise futhi ikhiqize idatha ejulile. amamephu.
Incazelo eyodwa yomusho ukuthi ukudubula kwesithombe okufiphala kwe-iPhone SE kufinyelelwa ngokuphelele ngesoftware nama-algorithms.
▲ Thatha lesi sithombe ngqo nasoI-iPhone XRkanye ne-iPhone SE entsha
UHalide wasebenzisa i-I-iPhone XRkanye ne-iPhone SE entsha ukuthatha isithombe somdlwane (hhayi isithombe sangempela, ukuze nje uthathe isithombe 'sesithombe esisodwa'), bese uqhathanisa idatha ejulile yezithombe ezimbili.
Bathola ukuthiI-iPhone XRvele wenze isegmentation yesithombe elula ukukhipha umzimba oyinhloko, kodwa ayizange ibone kahle indlebe yomdlwane.
▲ Igrafu yedatha ejulile,I-iPhone XRkwesokunxele, i-iPhone SE entsha kwesokudla
Kepha ku-iPhone SE entsha, nge-algorithm entsha enikezwe i-chip ye-A13, sithole imephu ejulile ehluke ngokupheleleXR.Ayiboni kahle kuphela izindlebe zomdlwane kanye nohlaka lulonke, kodwa futhi yenza ukucubungula okunezingqimba zezizinda ezihlukene.
Lolu hlobo lokujula kwemephu alunembile ngo-100%.UHalide uthe ukunemba kokusikwa kanye nokufiphala kwe-iPhone SE entsha lapho uthwebula izithombe ezifiphele okungenabuso akulona iqiniso njengalapho uthatha izithombe.
Ikakhulukazi esimweni lapho ezinye izifundo nezithombe zangemuva zifiphele kakhulu, inzuzo yamakhamera amaningi izoba sobala kakhulu ngalesi sikhathi.
▲ Kulolu hlobo lwetimu engenabuso, futhi isihloko nesizinda akuhlukaniswanga ngokucacile, ukufiphala kwe-iPhone SE entsha
kulula ukwenza amaphutha
Njengoba ubona kulesi sithombe, i-I-iPhone 11 Proifakwe isistimu yamakhamera amaningi ayikwazi ukucacisa ngokuphelele izitshalo ezincane kulogi, kodwa futhi ingakwazi ukubona ibanga lesizinda futhi yenze ukucubungula okugqinsiwe.
▲ Igrafu yedatha ejulile,I-iPhone 11 Prokwesokunxele, i-iPhone SE entsha kwesokudla
Ku-iPhone SE entsha, ngaphandle kwemiphumela efanayo yokucubungula okugqinsiwe, isihloko nesizinda kuhlanganiswe ngokuphelele.Ngokwemvelo, inqubo yokufiphalisa yangemuva izoba yimbi kakhulu kune-I-iPhone 11 Pro.
▲ Ubufakazi bangempela obufiphele,I-iPhone 11 Prokwesokunxele kanye ne-iPhone SE entsha kwesokudla
Kungakho, lapho i-iPhone SE entsha isebenzisa eyakho i-iOSikhamerauhlelo lokusebenza, kuphela uma kutholwa ubuso bomuntu, "Imodi Yokume ngobude" inganikwa amandla ukuthatha izithombe ezifiphele.Kwezinye izimo, iphutha lizovela.
Isizathu sisahlobene ne-algorithm ye-Apple.UHalide ukhulume ngendlela ebizwa nge-'Portrait Effects Matte' (Portrait Effects Matte), esetshenziswa kakhulu ukuthola uhlaka olunembile lwabantu abasezithombeni zemodi yokuma ngobude, okuhlanganisa imininingwane efana nomugqa wezinwele onqenqemeni, uhlaka lwezibuko, njll. Isihloko nesizinda ahlukene.
Kodwa okwamanje, le sethi yobuchwepheshe bokuhlukanisa ngokusekelwe ekufundeni komshini ilungiselelwe "ukudubula abantu", ingakwazi ngempela ukuvala ukuntuleka kwedatha ye-parallax kumuntu oyedwa.ikhameraamafoni afanaI-iPhone XRkanye ne-iPhone SE, kodwa uma isihloko I-algorithm izokwenza iphutha lokwahlulela lapho ishintsha izinhlamvu kwezinye izinto.
Ngokuqondene namafoni amaningi amakhamera afanaI-iPhone 11 Pro, ungathola idatha ye-parallax ngokuqondile nge-ikhamerahardware, ukuze bakwazi ukusebenzisa imodi yokuma ngobude ezigcawini ezingezona ubuso lapho besebenzisa ezaboikhamera.
▲ Ilensi yangaphambili ye-iPhone SE entsha iphinde isekele imodi yokuma ngobude, futhi ukunemba kobuso kuphezulu kakhulu,
futhi umehluko wesithombe usemthelela we-bokeh kuphela
Impela, onjiniyela bezinkampani zangaphandle basengasebenzisa izinto ezingasekelwe ngokusemthethweni.Manje uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Halide lungasekelaI-iPhone XR, SE ukuthatha izithombe ezilufifi zezilwane ezincane noma ezinye izinto.Eqinisweni, futhi isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bemaski yesithombe se-Apple ukuze ithole amamephu ajulile, bese ingeza ukuthuthukiswa kwayo kokuphela ukuze kuzuzwe.
▲ Usebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza zezinkampani zangaphandle ezifana ne-Halide, ungasebenzisa i-iPhone SE entsha ukuthatha izithombe ezifiphele zezihloko ezingezona ubuso
Sekukonke, ukufiphala kwesithombe okutholwe yile iPhone SE entsha umkhawulo ongafinyelelwa ngokwenza isoftware amafoni anekhamera eyodwa.Uma sikhuluma ngokuqinile, lokhu empeleni kungenxa ye-chip ye-A13.Uma ingazange ilethe i-algorithm yokufunda yomshini yakamuva, iikhameraisipiliyoni sodwa, isipiliyoni sokudubula se-SE ngokusobala kufanele sibe uhhafu.
Ngakho-ke, kusebalulekile kuma-smartphones ukuthuthukisa amasistimu wamakhamera amaningi.Singasebenzisa i-engeli ebanzi kakhulu ukuze sinwebe inkundla yokubuka, futhi singathembela kumalensi e-telephoto ukuze sithole izithombe zokusondeza ezingabhubhi.Usizo lokutholwa kwento engekho ngokoqobo, lokhu akufinyelelwa kuphela ngokuthuthukiswa kwe-OTA, noma ukugaya ama-algorithms.
Yebo, ukuziqhayisa ngobumpumputhe nokuncintisana ngenani lamakhamera nakho kuyacasula.Uma i-hardware inquma kuphela umkhawulo ophansi wokucabanga, khona-ke isethi yama-algorithms amahle kakhulu ingakhuphula ngokuphawulekayo umkhawulo ophezulu wezithombe, futhi iphinde iveze inani nenani lehadiwe endala.okungenzeka.
Angazi noma singalinda eminye iminyaka emine.Lapho isizukulwane esilandelayo se-iPhone SE siphuma, sizobe singashadileikhamerausenayo indawo embonini yomakhalekhukhwini?
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-06-2020